Heading straight to the point. Solar battery storage bank is a well-defined series and parallel connections of solar battery which are stored up for later consumption. The stored electricity is consumed after sundown, during energy demand peaks, or during a power outage.

So the question is, Do you want to buy solar batteries for your solar storage bank? Then you have to know that there are certain specifications you should use when evaluating your solar battery options. These options are very important to consider because dialing in on the right solar battery bank will make your solar power system a success.

solar storage bank
A WELL CONNECTED SOLAR BATTERY

Thus, you have to consider: the battery’s capacity & power ratings, depth of discharge (DoD), round-trip efficiency, and warranty. So let’s dive into how this criteria affect the success of your solar battery bank.

The battery’s capacity:

The battery capacity is the major and first criteria to consider while choosing your solar battery bank. It is the total amount of electricity that a solar battery can store at a time.

This means that when you have a solar battery with high capacity, your appliances will run for a longer hour. Don’t forget that battery capacity is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Battery power rating:

Here, the contextual meaning of power rating is the average amount of current which the battery releases over a period of time under normal use. In other words, i can say its the amount of electricity that a battery can deliver at a time.

This means that a battery with a rating of 200 Ah can deliver 20 amps of power at a constant rate for 10 hours.

The connection between capacity and power rating in solar storage bank is very simple. When you have a battery with high capacity and a low power rating, then a low amount of electricity will be produced which is enough to run a few crucial appliances for a long time.

But when you have a battery with low capacity and a high power-rating, big amount of electricity will be produced to run your entire home, but only for a few hours.

Depth of discharge (DoD):

The depth of discharge is always in contrast to the state of charge (SoC). So in a clear definition, depth of discharge shows the ratio or percentage of the battery that has been discharged relative to the overall capacity of the battery when fully charged. To make your solar storage bank last long, you need to understand this clearly.

To understand DoB in practical sense, lets take a quick example. When you buy a solar battery which holds 13.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity, and you discharge 13 kWh, then the DoD is approximately 96 percent.

depth of discharge of solar battery

So when purchasing a solar battery, make sure the DoB is 100%. DoB is expressed in percentage. so get yourself a high DoB battery today and enjoy solar power.

The life-cycle or number of charge or discharge cycle of your solar battery depends greatly on the battery’s capacity you normally use. Thats to say, if you regularly discharge the batteries at a lower percentage rate.

It will have more useful cycles than when you frequently drain the battery to its maximum DoD. Please always have this in mind so as to maximize the lifespan of your solar battery. And also to make your solar storage bank worthwhile.

Round-Trip Efficiency:

Most home solar batteries are designed to be “stackable,” which means that you can include multiple batteries with your solar storage system to get extra capacity. So round-trip efficiency is the useful energy we get back after storing it.

I know that this isnt a common word we are use to,but look at it this way.

round-trip efficiency of solar battery

If you store (5kWh) of electricity into your battery bank and can only get (4kWh) of useful electricity back. Then the battery has 80 percent round-trip efficiency (4 kWh / 5 kWh = 80%). Note that the higher the round-trip efficiency, the less energy you loss due to storage, and the more efficiency of the system as a whole.

Battery Warranty:

It is a common truth that age affects productivity. so solar batteries are no exception. Their performance decrease with age. This means that The battery’s ability to hold a charge will gradually decrease the more you use it.

Thus, the warranty of a solar battery is the number of cycles and/or years of useful life. Some solar batteries in the markets today have a warranty of 25-year long warranty (also known as a performance guarantee).

In most cases, this means a guaranteed electrical production for 10 years at 90% of rated power output and 25 years at 80% rated power output. So now you know the factors to consider while choosing your solar storage bank battery. Let’s take a good look at how long your solar battery should last.

But before then, how many solar batteries do you need to power your home?

How many solar batteries are needed to power a house?

The question of how much solar battery that can power a home is very common. So I will split it into two sections for clearer understanding. Firstly we need to determine how long a solar battery can power your home. What this means is that you need to do an exact calculation to determine the amount of energy you consume per day.

So after getting the value of the energy consumed per day. The next thing is the capacity and power rating of your solar battery and whether or not you are connected to the electric grid.

Reports from U.S National Energy Information Administration, an average U.S household consumes about 30 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy per day. Thus, going by this data an average U.S household needs about three solar batteries because each solar battery produces 10 kWh of capacity.

solar battery bank connection
TIGHT CONNECTION OF SOLAR BATTERY

So you can power your entire house throughout the night without support from an electric grid with three batteries. That’s right! choose solar power today and enjoy constant free power supply.

The second part of this question is based on practical methods. In science, there is always a little drift between theory and practical. Going straight to the point, most batteries cannot run at maximum capacity and generally peak at a 90% DoD (as explained above).

As a result, your 10 kWh battery is likely to have a useful capacity of 9 kWh.

This implies that in a practical sense, you might be needing up to 4 solar batteries in order to power your house comfortably.

How long do solar batteries last?

To determine how long a solar battery should last depends greatly on all the above-mentioned factors. For more clarification, I will focus on the lifespan of a solar battery.
Speaking of the lifespan of solar battery, you need to understand properly the maintenance process of a battery. Without proper maintanance, your solar battery might practically not last up to 3 years.

comparing with the normal useful life of a solar battery which is within the range of 5 to 15 years. But your solar panel can last up to 25 to 30 years, thus there will be a need for replacement as time runs out.

Going back to maintenance, temperature is a major problem which affects solar battery significantly. Thus protecting your battery from freezing or sweltering temperatures can boost its useful life.

When a solar battery temperature drops below 30° F, it will require more voltage to reach maximum charge; when that same battery rises above the 90° F threshold, it will become overheated and require a reduction in charge.

To solve this problem, many leading battery manufacturers, provide temperature moderation as a feature. However, if your solar battery does not have any moderation feature. Then you will need to consider other solutions like earth-sheltered enclosures.

What are the best batteries for solar storage bank?

Before choosing the best brand for your solar battery bank, there are some factors to consider such as. How much power does my home consume, how long am I going to use it per day? What is the available battery in the market? How much they cost and how long does each of these batteries last. Here is a list of the available batteries in the market:

lead-acid battery:
Lead-acid batteries remain the best solar battery bank that has been used in off-grid energy systems for years. Healthy lead-acid batteries have a short life and lower DoD than other battery types. They are also one of the least expensive options currently on the market and also the best in terms of home energy.

lithium-ion battery:
The majority of new home energy storage bank technologies, such as the use of some form of lithium-ion chemical composition. The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium.

They also have a higher DoD and longer lifespan when compared to lead-acid batteries. However, lithium-ion batteries are more expensive than their lead-acid counterparts. lithium-ion battery causes little harm when disposed of.


Salt-water battery: The new salt-water technology makes energy storage safe and sustainable. Very high cycle life at 100% depth of discharge makes this ideal for long-duration solar applications. This non-toxic off-grid solar battery bank that can last a household over 10 years and can handle up to 3,000 full cycles, or 3,000 days and nights. They are also non-flammable, non-hazardous, and non-explosive. Considering this option for your solar storage bank is more than a good idea.

dept of discharge of solar battery
photo credit: ENERGYSAGE

Related posts: How to install a solar panel, How to check the health of the solar battery, Tesla solar roof tiles, Power supply problems in Africa and the way forward

Heading straight to the point. Solar battery storage bank is a well-defined series and parallel connections of solar battery which are stored up for later consumption. The stored electricity is consumed after sundown, during energy demand peaks, or during a power outage.

So the question is, Do you want to buy solar batteries for your solar system? Then you have to know that there are certain specifications you should use when evaluating your solar battery options. These options are very important to consider because dialing in on the right solar battery bank will make your solar power system a success.

Solar storage bank

Thus, you have to consider: the battery’s capacity & power ratings, depth of discharge (DoD), round-trip efficiency, and warranty. So let’s dive into how this criteria affect the success of your solar battery bank.

The battery’s capacity:

The battery capacity is the major and first criteria to consider while choosing your solar battery bank. It is the total amount of electricity that a solar battery can store at a time. This means that when you have a solar battery with high capacity, your appliances will run for a longer hour. Don’t forget that battery capacity is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Battery power rating:

Here, the contextual meaning of power rating is the average amount of current which the battery releases over a period of time under normal use. In other words, i can say its the amount of electricity that a battery can deliver at a time. This means that a battery with a rating of 200 Ah can deliver 20 amps of power at a constant rate for 10 hours.

The connection between capacity and power rating in solar battery storage is very simple. When you have a battery with high capacity and a low power rating, then a low amount of electricity will be produced which is enough to run a few crucial appliances for a long time. But when you have a battery with low capacity and a high power-rating, big amount of electricity will be produced to run your entire home, but only for a few hours.

Depth of discharge (DoD):

Depth of discharge is always in contrast to state of charge (SoC). So in a clear definition, depth of discharge shows the ratio or percentage of the battery that has been discharged relative to the overall capacity of the battery when fully charged.

To understand DoB in practical sense, lets take a quick example. When you buy a solar battery which holds 13.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity, and you discharge 13 kWh, then the DoD is approximately 96 percent. So when purchasing a solar battery, make sure the DoB is 100%. DoB is expressed in percentage. so get yourself a high DoB battery today and enjoy solar power.

The life-cycle or number of charge or discharge cycle of your solar battery depends greatly on the battery’s capacity you normally use. Thats to say, if you regularly discharge the batteries at a lower percentage rate. It will have more useful cycles than when you frequently drain the battery to its maximum DoD. Please always have this in mind so as to maximize the lifespan of your solar battery.

Round-Trip Efficiency:

Most home solar batteries are designed to be “stackable,” which means that you can include multiple batteries with your solar storage system to get extra capacity. So round-trip efficiency is the useful energy we get back after storing it. I know that this isnt a common word we are use to,but look at it this way.

If you store (5kWh) of electricity into your battery bank and can only get (4kWh) of useful electricity back. Then the battery has 80 percent round-trip efficiency (4 kWh / 5 kWh = 80%). Note that the higher the round-trip efficiency, the less energy you loss due to storage, and the more efficiency of the system as a whole.

Battery Warranty:

It is a common truth that age affects productivity. so solar batteries are no exception. Their performance decrease with age. This means that The battery’s ability to hold a charge will gradually decrease the more you use it. Thus, the warranty of a solar battery is the number of cycles and/or years of useful life. Some solar batteries in the markets today have a warranty of 25-year long warranty (also known as a performance guarantee).

In most cases this means a guaranteed electrical production for 10 years at 90% of rated power output and 25 years at 80% rated power output. So now you know the factors to consider while choosing your solar battery. Let’s take a good look at how long your solar battery should last. But before then, how many solar batteries do you need to power your home?

How many solar batteries are needed to power a house?

The question of how many solar battery that can power a home is very common. So i will split it into two sections for clearer understanding. Firstly we need to determine how long a solar battery can power your home. What this means is that you need to do an exact calculation to determine the amount of energy you consume per day.

So after getting the value of the energy consumed per day. The next thing is the capacity and power rating of your solar battery and whether or not you are connected to the electric grid.

reports from U.S National Energy Information Administration, an average U.S household consumes about 30 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy per day. Thus, going by this data an average U.S household needs about three solar battery because each solar battery produces 10 kWh of capacity. So you can power your entire house throughout the night without support from electric grid with three batheries. thats right! choose solar power today and enjoy constant free power supply.

The second part of this question is based on practical methods. In science, there is always a little drift between theory and practical. Going straight to the point, most batteries cannot run at maximum capacity and generally peak at a 90% DoD (as explained above). As a result, your 10 kWh battery are likely to have a useful capacity of 9 kWh.

This implies that in a practical sense, you might be needing up to 4 solar batteries in order to power your house comfortably.

How long do solar batteries last?

To determine how long a solar battery should last depends greatly in all the above mentioned factors. For more clearification, i will focus on the lifespan of a solar battery.
Speaking of lifespan of solar battery, you need to understand properly the maintenance process of a battery. Without proper maintanance, your solar battery might practically not last up to 3 years.

comparing with the normal useful life of a solar battery which is within the range of 5 to 15 years. But your solar panel can last up to 25 to 30 years, thus there will be a need for replacement as time runs out.

Going back to maintenance, temperature is a major problem which affects solar battery significantly. Thus protecting your battery from freezing or sweltering temperatures can boost its useful life. When a solar battery temperature drops below 30° F, it will require more voltage to reach maximum charge; when that same battery rises above the 90° F threshold, it will become overheated and require a reduction in charge.

To solve this problem, many leading battery manufacturers, provide temperature moderation as a feature. However, if your solar battery do not have any moderation feature. Then you will need to consider other solutions like earth-sheltered enclosures.

What are the best batteries for solar?


Before choosing the best brand for your solar battery, there are some factors to consider such as. How much power does my home consume, how long am I going to use it per day? What is the available battery in the market? How much they cost and how long does each of these batteries last. Here is a list of the available batteries in the market:


lead-acid battery:
Lead-acid batteries remain the best solar battery that has been used in off-grid energy systems for years. Healthy lead-acid batteries have a short life and lower DoD than other battery types. They are also one of the least expensive options currently on the market and also the best in terms of home energy.


lithium-ion battery:
The majority of new home energy storage technologies, such as the, use of some form of lithium-ion chemical composition. The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium. They also have a higher DoD and longer lifespan when compared to lead-acid batteries. However, lithium-ion batteries are more expensive than their lead-acid counterparts. lithium-ion battery causes little harm when disposed of.


Salt-water battery: The new salt-water technology makes energy storage safe and sustainable. Very high cycle life at 100% depth of discharge makes this ideal for long-duration solar applications. This non-toxic off-grid solar battery that can last a household over 10 years and can handle up to 3,000 full cycles, or 3,000 days and nights. They are also non-flammable, non-hazardous, and non-explosive. Considering this option for your solar battery is more than a good idea.

depth of discharge
photo credit: ENERGYSAGE

Related posts: How to install a solar panel, How to check the health of the solar battery, Tesla solar roof tiles

Solar glass roof tiles is the new innovation of solar energy. This is actually the third version of solar roof which “Elon musk” has come up with. The idea behind this innovation is to create a beautiful rooftop and at the same time generate energy as well. Isn’t that amazing? That is what is called killing two birds with one stone. Solar roof tiles, no doubt has provided an alternative to conventional solar panels. And instead of installation on the existing roofs with the traditional racking systems, solar tiles are part of the roof itself.

tesla solar roof tiles

Personally, I will say that this is a viable option in new constructions and major renovations since a roof installation and a solar array can be combined into a single component. Believe it or not, this innovation worths it. so, what is this solar glass roof? how much does it cost for installation? I will explain all this to you in clear terms. so let’s get down to it.

What is solar glass roof tiles?

Solar glass roof which is also called “solar shingles” is used to trap radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics cells, etc. This device is more or less like a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells. Which can be used to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

The anticipation of this new innovation has been “heart warning”. The billionaire CEO claims that the new roof tiles, which are bigger and more power-dense, will help “make roofs come alive,” Creating a world “where you look around the neighborhood and the roofs are all gathering energy.” In a clear statement, “musk” says and I quote “I think in the future, it will be odd for roofs to not gather energy”. Most times if things of this nature occur, a slogan always comes to my mind which says “to who much is given, much is expected”.

tesla solar glass roof

if solar glass tiles can be your roofing tiles and at the same time generate energy directly from the sun. It will definitely cost more than normal roofing tiles. so how much does this awesome solar glass tile cost?

How much does solar glass tiles cost?

If you want the best then you got to pay for it. Pay a premium over standard solar panels, and you can get a normal-looking tiled roof that will suck up the sun’s energy all the same and light up your home. Many of us will love that, but unfortunately It won’t be for everyone.

Following musk’s words about the solar roof. “It costs a price point that is less than what the average roof costs plus solar panels, and will only make financial sense for new houses or replacement roofs.” He went on to say that if a potential customer’s roof is more than five years away. Then he/she will be needing a replacement.

how tesla solar roof tiles how
photo credit: BOLD Business

Going with the companys’ website report. Installation of 10KW should be around a price of $33,950. This is equivalent to $3,395 per kW. By analysis,a 10 kW solar roof from Tesla requires an area of 2000 square feet, with installation cost slightly under $17 per sq.ft.

This means that to generate a 10KW power, you will be looking at a total cost of $34,000. Which is significantly equivalent to the initial value of $33,950. So from this calculation you will know how much power you need in your home and the exact price for it. But if you think that solar glass tiles are quite costly. I will give you a comparison between “normal roofing cost and solar glass tiles”.

Comparism between normal roofing cost and solar glass tiles

For a clear understanding of this comparison. I want you to keep in mind that there are two different kinds of tiles on the roof; Solar and non-solar tiles. The ratio of solar tiles to non-solar tiles will affect the cost per square foot of the solar roof. Initial reports have shown that non-solar tiles cost $14.2 per square foot, while solar tiles cost $17 per square foot. So you see that we just have a small increase of $2.8

photo credit: Pv magazines

That means the Tesla solar roof is about $2.8 more expensive than a comparable non-solar roof. And these tiles have a 30-year warranty. So I think by now we should be talking about “how to install these solar tiles in our homes”. Or probably make a quick or by clicking HERE.

How to install solar glass tiles

Installing a Tesla Solarglass Roof is very similar to the process of installing traditional solar panels on the roof. It starts with an initial phone consultation. If it’s a new building, Tesla agents will visit your home to check the approved map out and the complexity of the roof. Where it made sense to install photovoltaic tiles versus glass tiles, and the like. This is a unique variable that does not exist in the traditional solar or traditional roofing industry.

installation of tesla solar glass roof tiles

Personally, the look and feel of a Tesla Solarglass Roof are the same. Regardless of whether the individual tiles themselves contain the photovoltaic cells or not. The number of tiles containing photovoltaic cells in a Tesla Solarglass Roof can be fine-tuned to meet the needs of the customer, up to the maximum capacity of the roof based on its size, shape, pitch, etc. So what are you thinking? Tesla solar glass roof or the traditional solar panel? make an order now directly to Tesla.com.

I hope you find this article helpful and educational. In order to serve you better please comment on any mistakes or information which should be added. Check naihcotech for more updates

Hyundai has released a version of its Sonata hybrid that has solar panels to help charge its battery.
The Korean carmaker said up to 60% of the power for the car’s battery could be supplied if the solar roof was used for six hours a day.
The panels would provide enough power to propel the Sonata for 1,300km (800miles) a year, it added.
Hyundai said it planned to offer the roof as an optional extra on other models in its range.

Benefits of the Solar pv on the Roof

Fitting hybrids with panels that can harvest solar energy would boost fuel efficiency and lower carbon dioxide emissions said Hyundai.
It added that the mid-sized passenger car had an improved engine control system to ensure energy use was as efficient as possible.

Speaking of this car, the “Hybrids like the Sonata have smaller battery packs than all-electric cars, so a solar roof can make a bigger difference in charging. “Solar cells add cost and weight to cars, and it’s unclear how effective they can be in the real world.”

hybrid version of hyundai sonata with solar pv

Hyundai is working on a second-generation solar roof that would be semi-transparent to help light the car’s cabin.
The solar-roof equipped Sonata will be on sale in North America and Korea. Hyundai said it had no plans to sell it in other regions.
No price for the hybrid passenger car equipped with a solar roof has been given by Hyundai.

Low Emission Hybrid car


In the UK sales of low emission vehicles, including hybrids, fell for the first time in more than two years. According to figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), released last month.

The SMMT blamed confusing policies and “premature” removal of subsidies for such hybrids, as factors in the drop in sales.
Hyundai is not the first car manufacturer to use solar panels on a vehicle. The sun-powered charging systems are available as an option on the Toyota Prius, and the luxury Karma Revero is also available with one.

In addition, Dutch start-up Lightyear is working on an electric car that uses solar panels on its bonnet and roof to help charge the vehicle’s batteries.
This lightyear one car will cost approximately €149,000 (£137,000) ($171,037), that’s is a whopping (66.1 million Naira) when it hits the market in 2021.

stay up to date at naihcotech for more update on the release date

lightyear one electric car

Refference: BBC NEWS.

TO study online is very easy these days on like the old days when we don’t have to access to internet connections. Many Nigerians have always wanted to study abroad, due to the situation of our Nigerian universities. But despite that many of us are doing our best and hoping on God for wisdom. Though “Coronavirus has stopped us from going to school, but I will say that God always has a way to help His servants. So, the opportunity to study online while staying at home has presented itself. This time it’s coming from a highly reputable institution at a very low price. Unicaf University is offering all Nigerians the opportunity to study Internationally Recognised Degrees starting from only $99 per month.

You have the option to study the Online program and apply for this new offer until 30/04/2020.

This of course is one of their way to make sure that students don’t lose focus on academics considering the closure of schools due to the outbreak of “COVID-19”. Unicaf University is an independent, organization accredited by the British Accreditation Council based in the UK (Zambia and Malawi). Combining the best elements of international education, offering high quality and recognized qualifications. Choose your favorite program to study online at Unicaf University and here to apply for Unicaf Scholarship.
 
Please all Nigerians who seek to study online at Unicaf University should endeavor to take this opportunity. Some people might be asking. How do I make payments? Don’t panic about that, click on the link and follow the instructions. I wish you find this helpful and check back at naihcotech for more updates.

As the world economy is crawling on its feet due to the effect of the deadly virus “COVID-19”. Since the outbreak of this pandemic in Wuhan, China. It has not just affected the economy.but also the jobs of many innocent people living around the world. This has to lead the government to lock down all working areas and markets. As a measure to curtail the spread of the virus

Now, what next for me and you, are you going to stay at home without working? Aren’t you going to feed your family and loved ones?.are we just going to stay at home and eat our saving without any income?.or probably you might just want to stay at home and press phones? Believe me you will soon get bored and tired of social media. Most people are in a dilemma because this is heartbreaking, but don’t panic. I am here for you.

In this article, I will show you online jobs that will pay you $2000 per month by sitting in the comfort of your house and working for your money. is that possible?.hang on and let me take you around the shore of online jobs that will make you smile forever. All you need is just your mobile device or a computer and an internet connection which of course is within our reach.

Though, many people don’t believe that online jobs actually pay high due to some bad experiences they might have had in the past. but I am not going to bore you with jobs that don’t have identity or proof. The following jobs which I will introduce to you are highly profitable and can boost your income beyond your expectations. Now let’s get down the business.

genuine online business that can pay you $2000 per month

Please permit me to make it clear to you that you can earn more than $2000 per month in these online businesses depending on your work rate. Just like I have said before, you need a mobile device or a computer for you to start this business and most importantly, an internet connection

So this is a list of of 5 genuine online business that can pay you $2000 per month:
  • Blogging
  • Affiliate marketing
  • Online surveying
  • Freelancing

Blogging

how to make money online upto $2000 per month
blogging bring out the best you.

Personally, I would say that blogging is not just gonna get you money. Rather it gives you an apple opportunity of solving people’s problems and getting your account filled with millions of dollars. Lots of people have a passion for a particular thing, maybe telling stories, educating people about a particular topic, arts and crafts and so many things. Blogging gives you that opportunity to get your passion for the outside world.

What is blogging

By definition. blogging simply means an act of creating or writing an online journal or a diary. It means that for you to start blogging, you need to own a “blog”.Now the question is “What is a blog”.A blog is very similar to a website. I would say that a blog is a diary/journal that is (mostly) maintained by one person – blogger. Ok “who is a blogger”. A blogger is an individual who is a blog owner. The person keeps the blog alive by posting new posts, sharing the latest news, information, case studies, opinions, etc.

Now let’s get down to how you can actually start your online business- blog. But I know some questions will be in your mind right now, like how do I actually make money by just writing articles and posting it on my blog?. Well, the answer is just right here for you.

How to start a blog

now let get down to the step by step ways you can start your blog:

Step 1: Decide what to blog about. in a simple tense, its to decide which niche do you want to be writing about.

Step 2: Choose a blog creation platform. This is very simple. for a beginner, I recommend that you use WordPress to start your blogging career.

Step 3: Choose your blog’s domain name and hosting plan. This is the name you want people to use and know you or your blog. And it has to suite your online business. sometimes people use their name.

Step 4: Build a successful looking, traffic attracting blog. It’s just all about creating a good and quality content for your visitors to read.

Now what next after creating and hosting your blog. How is the money going to come? how will my account be filled with millions of dollars? well the answer is just writing here. Keep reading.

How to make money from Blogging

It’s quite easy to make money from blogging. All these ways is what I will show you now. Pay more attention as this is an exciting part of the business. In broad terms I will say that money comes from blogging through advertisements and promotions. how does this work? Well, once people start visiting your blog. Many business owners and companies will come to you for promotion of this business. That’s is an advertisement. In fact, the almighty google and many ad companies will like to put their ad on your blog. please read more on how ads work.

Affiliate Marking

How to make money online upto $2000 per month
affiliate marketing makes life so easy even
you don’t have a product of your own

I will be very brief here as this is a very broad topic. Let me just hit the hammer and on the nail, because I know you want to get started already. Well, affiliate marketing is when you sell products that are not your own and getting paid. Or I will say that affiliate marketing is when an online retailer pays you a commission for traffic or sales generated from your referrals. How does this work? How do I sell products which are not mine? Some people might say “am not good in marketing” or “am not a social type of person”. Well, the good news is that affiliate marketing doesn’t really need much interaction between you and your customer. Let me show you how simple it is. Believe me, you will be amazed.

How Does affiliate marketing Work

  1. Choose a Niche. The first step of your career as an affiliate marketer involves finding out which affiliate products to sell.
  2. Research Programs.
  3. Build Your Platform. …
  4. Create and Publish Top-Notch Content.
  5. Create Your Ad Account.
  6. You can learn more about affiliate marketing here.

Online surveying

How to make money online upto $2000 per month
online surveying is easy and simple

An online survey is a questionnaire that the target audience can complete over the Internet. So? how do I make money through online surveying? who is gonna pay me? Well, there are many online surveying companies that are begging for the audience. People who will come and answer questions for their client. So who is their client? why do they pay money to online surveyors? Well, many Companies often use online surveys to gain a deeper understanding of their customers’ tastes and opinions. In this way, the company will know how to serve their customers better. wow, interesting, isn’t it? yeah of course it is. So how do I get the money?

How to make money from online surveying[Online business]

Though some Factors may affect how much you can make from paid surveys: With that being said, most surveys take less than 10-15 minutes and pay between $0.50 and $5, but I’ve heard of some surveys paying up to $200. Oh my God! how is that possible? how do I become an online surveyor? It is simple, search some best online survey companies, create an account. Then, you are ready to go. Answer more questions and get more money. The time is now, get to work and make that money.

Freelancing

How to make money online upto $2000 per month
A freelancer has no limit to his earning

So whats freelancing about? this is an online-based business where you have the freedom to control your working hours while working from your comfort zone. Who is a freelancer? Well, a freelancer is a self-employed individual who doesn’t have to commit to a single, long-term employer. Instead, they work independently for several different companies or clients. I want you to know that being the boss of your own is the best way to financial freedom. Most employees have worked for virtually 10-15 years without saving any reasonable amount of money in their accounts. The harder you work, the more your employer buys “flashy supercars”. Oh yes that’s right. But two months in this online business will make you smile. So how do you make money from being a freelancer?

How to make money as a freelancer[ Online business]

To understand how much you can earn, from $1000 per month to per week to per day – it is respective to the problems you are solving as well as the experience you’ve and the speed of your work. There is NO LIMIT of earning as a freelancer if you’re an unstoppable creative person which commitment to your work. So how do you get started? you can start freelancing by signing up for any freelancing site of your choice. Check top freelancing sites here and make your choice.

Thank you for reading my article on online business. check back at naihcoltech for more updates.

The working principle of a refrigerator is basically through evaporation. To clearly understand this, we need to look at the second law of thermodynamics. The law states that if a cold object is placed next to a hot object, the cold object will become warmer and the hot object will become cooler. A refrigerator does not cool items by lowering their original temperatures; instead, an evaporating gas called a refrigerant draws heat away, leaving the surrounding area much colder.

To understand more about how evaporation works. You need to know that anytime a substance evaporates, it takes up heat to do so. That’s why we get cold when we are wet, and even get colder when you stand in front of a fan. Because the breeze from the fan makes the water evaporate and making you colder. That’s why people use to keep things cold by putting them in wet polythene sacks and hanging them from trees.

In this article, I will take a look at the science of a refrigerator. Specifically the different parts of a refrigerator and how they actually work together to preserve our food for extended periods.
But before that, let me put you through the different parts of a refrigerator and how they operate.

The compressor:

the compressor

The refrigeration process begins with the compressor. This compressor consists of a piston driven by a motor to “suck in” and compress the refrigerant in a cylinder. This refrigerant is compressed until it becomes very hot from the increased pressure. This hot gas flows through the coils behind the refrigerator, which allow excess heat to evaporate into the surrounding.

The Expansion Valve:

A Thermostatic expansion valve
A thermostatic expansion valve

The expansion valve is what reduces the temperature of gas as well as its pressure. It also controls the flow of the refrigerant or coolant into the evaporator. This small device is located at the inner back of the refrigerator and it’s sensitive to temperature change of the coolant.

The Evaporator:

photo credit: quora

This is the visible metallic finned tubes we see anytime we open up a refrigerator. Usually made in gold or silver color. This metal is the actual thing that cools the thing we put inside the refrigerator. The finned tubes absorb heat blown through a coil by a fan. The evaporator absorbs heat from what we kept inside, and as a result of this heat, the liquid refrigerant turns into vapor.

The Condenser:

the condenser of a refrigerator
the condenser is where heat is dumped

This is where the refrigerant releases its heat. The condenser consists of a coiled set of tubes with external fins(usually black in color). It helps in the liquefaction of the gaseous refrigerant by absorbing its heat and subsequently expelling it to the surroundings. This is why the back portion of the refrigerator is always hot.

The Working Principle of a Refrigerator

The working principle of a refrigerator is based on the vapor compression and refrigeration cycle. To simplify this further, the refrigerator is an inverse heat engine which transfers heat from a cold region to a hot region. This of course is against the natural flow of heat from a hot region to a cold region. Thus, it requires power. When you pass a low-temperature liquid close to objects that you want to cool, heat from those objects transfers to the liquid, which evaporates and takes away the heat in the process.

Now let’s. get to the step by step working principle of the refrigerator. The refrigerant flows from the compress down to the evaporator. But before then let me remind you also that the refrigerant in modern refrigerators does no longer uses chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). This is due some environmental hazards which associate with it like depletion of the ozone layer. Thus, modern refrigerators uses HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane),which is environmental-friendly.

The refrigeration process starts with the compressor. The coolant is compressed until it becomes very hot from the increased pressure. Now the hot gas in the coils of the condenser meets the cooler air temperature of the kitchen, it becomes a liquid. Then this liquid is forced through a device called the expansion valve, which goes into the evaporator coils inside the freezer and the fridge. This is where it experiences a pressure drop and once again becomes a cool gas. It then absorbs heat from the contents of the fridge and the whole cycle repeats again.

The refrigerator cycle
photo credit: butterfly field

visite naihcotech.com to learn more about the working principle of Air Conditioner

The effects of Radiation can cause damage to tissue and/or organs depends on the dose of radiation received. Or the absorbed dose which is expressed in a unit called the gray (Gy). The potential damage from an absorbed dose depends on the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues and organs.


Nuclear radiation, unlike the radiation from a light bulb or a microwave, is energetic enough to ionize atoms by knocking off their electrons. This ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules directly. By breaking the bonds between atoms. Or it can ionize water molecules and form free radicals. Which are highly reactive and also disrupt the bonds of surrounding molecules, including DNA.

What is Ionizing Radiation

biological effect of ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy which atoms emit in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles.
Ionizing radiation happens when the atomic nucleus of an unstable atom decays and starts releasing ionizing particles.
When these particles come into contact with organic material, such as human tissue. They will damage them if levels are high enough, in a short period of time. This can lead to burns, problems with the blood, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and central nervous system, cancer, and sometimes death.
People are expose to natural sources of ionizing radiation, such as in soil, water, and vegetation, as well as in human-made sources, such as x-rays and medical devices

Applications of radiation

Radiation is all around us and it applies safely in many applications. Effects of radiation should always be noted.
Ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses in medicine, industry, agriculture and research. Sometimes, it applies to low-level laser therapy.

In medicine, X-rays and other forms of radiation also have a variety of therapeutic uses. When used in this way, they are most often intended to kill cancerous tissue, reduce the size of a tumor, or reduce pain. For example, radioactive iodine (specifically iodine-131) is frequently used to treat thyroid cancer.

Some geologist uses some form of radioactive substances to determine the ages of fossils and other objects through a process called carbon dating. This process have been very helpful in determining ages and compositions of rocks and so many mineral resources.

The agricultural industry makes use of radiation to improve food production and packaging. Plant seeds, for example, have been exposed to radiation to bring about new and better types of plants. Besides making plants stronger, radiation can be used to control insect populations, thereby decreasing the use of dangerous pesticides.

Exposure to very high levels of radiation, such as being close to an atomic blast, can cause acute health effects such as skin burns and acute radiation syndrome (“radiation sickness”). It can also result in long-term health effects such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Exposure to low levels of radiation encountered in the environment does not cause immediate health effects, but is a minor contributor to our overall cancer risk.

What is Radiation Sickness

Radiation poisoning happens when a radioactive substance gives off particles that get into a person’s body and cause harm. Different radioactive substances have different characteristics. But the effects of radiation depend majorly on the dose of exposure. They can harm and help people in different ways, and some are more dangerous than others.

Normally, radiation occurs in a safe environment. Whether or not it becomes dangerous depends on:

  • The use of the radiation
  • how strong the radiation is
  • how often the exposure occurs
  • what type of exposure occurs
  • how long exposure lasts

A dose of radiation from a single x-ray is not normally harmful.
Activity is a measure of the amount of a radionuclide present. It is expressed in a unit called the becquerel (Bq): one becquerel is one disintegration per second.

The half-life is the time required for the activity of a radionuclide to decrease by decay to half of its initial value. The half-life of a radioactive element is the time that it takes for one half of its atoms to disintegrate. This can range from a mere fraction of a second to millions of years (e.g. iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days while carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years).

What Part of the Body Does Radiation Affect?

The risk of illness depends on the dose of radiation exposure. Very low doses of radiations are all around us all the time, and they do not have any effect. It also depends on the area of the body that is exposed.

  • Hair
    The losing of hair quickly and in clumps occurs with radiations exposure at 200 rems or higher.
  • Brain
    Since brain cells do not reproduce, they won’t be damaged directly unless the exposure is 5,000 rems or greater. Like the heart, radiations kills nerve cells and small blood vessels and can cause seizures and immediate death.
  • Thyroid
    The thyroid gland is sensitive to radioactive iodine. Insufficient amounts, radioactive iodine can destroy all or part of the thyroid. By taking potassium iodide, one can reduce the effects of exposure.
  • Blood System
    When exposure of about 100 rems occurs, the blood’s lymphocyte cell count will reduce, leaving the victim more vulnerable to infection. This is often referred to as mild radiations sickness. Early symptoms of radiation sickness mimic those of “flu” and may go unnoticed unless a blood count is done.
  • The Heart
    Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to 5,000 rems would do immediate damage to small blood vessels and probably cause heart failure and death directly.
  • Gastrointestinal Tract
    Radiation damage to the intestinal tract lining will cause nausea, bloody vomiting, and diarrhea. This occurs when the victim’s exposure is 200 rems or more.
  • Reproductive Tract Though reproductive tract cells divide rapidly. These areas of the body can damage at rem levels as low as 200. Long-term, some radiation sickness victims will become sterile.

Though these radiations affects our body system most often but that’s not a panic. The fatality of radiation depends on the dose of which u are exposed to.

What Radiation Dose is Dangerous?

Radiations dosage can be measured in various ways. Some of the units used are Grays, Sieverts, rems, and rads. They are used in a similar way, but 1 rad is equivalent to 0.01 Gray.

Below 30 rads: Mild symptoms will occur in the blood
From 30 to 200 rads: The person may become ill.
From 200 to 1,000 rads: The person may become seriously ill.
Over 1,000 rads: This will be fatal.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), radiation sickness, or acute radiations syndrome (ARS) is diagnosed when:

A person receives over 70 rads from a source outside their body
The dose affects the whole body, or most of it, and is able to penetrate to the internal organs
The dose is received in a short time, usually within minutes.
The effective dose is used to measure ionizing radiation in terms of the potential for causing harm.

What Age Does Radiation Affect More?

Children and fetuses are especially sensitive to radiation exposure. The cells in children and fetuses divide rapidly, providing more opportunity for radiations to disrupt the process and cause cell damage. The effects of radiations on children are high. EPA considers differences in sensitivity due to age and sex when revising radiations protection standards.

If the radiations dose is low and/or it occurs over a long period of time (low dose rate), the risk is substantially lower because there is a greater likelihood of repairing the damage. There is still a risk of long-term effects such as cancer, however, that may appear years or even decades later. The effects of this type will not always occur, but their likelihood is proportional to the radiation dose. This risk is higher for children and adolescents, as they are significantly more sensitive to radiation exposure than adults.

Epidemiological studies on populations exposed to radiation, such as atomic bomb survivors or radiotherapy patients, showed a significant increase of cancer risk at doses above 100 mSv. More recently, some epidemiological studies in individuals exposed to medical exposures during childhood (paediatric CT) suggested that cancer risk may increase even at lower doses (between 50-100 mSv).


Prenatal exposure to ionizing radiations may induce brain damage in fetuses following an acute dose exceeding 100 mSv between weeks 8-15 of pregnancy and 200 mSv between weeks 16-25 of pregnancy. Before week 8 or after week 25 of pregnancy human studies have not shown radiation risk to fetal brain development. Epidemiological studies indicate that the cancer risk after fetal exposure to radiations is similar to the risk after exposure in early childhood.

Unit of measurement of radiations

The sievert (Sv) is the unit of effective dose that takes into account the type of radiation and sensitivity of tissues and organs. It is a way to measure ionizing radiation in terms of the potential for causing harm. The Sv takes into account the type of radiation and sensitivity of tissues and organs.

The Sv is a very large unit so it is more practical to use smaller units such as millisieverts (mSv) or microsieverts (μSv). There are one thousand μSv in one mSv, and one thousand mSv in one Sv. In addition to the amount of radiation (dose), it is often useful to express the rate at which this dose is deliver (dose rate), such as microsieverts per hour (μSv/hour) or millisievert per year (mSv/year). Beyond certain thresholds, radiation can impair the functioning of tissues and/or organs and can produce acute effects such as skin redness, hair loss, radiation burns, or acute radiation syndrome. These effects are more severe at higher doses and higher dose rates. For instance, the dose threshold for acute radiation syndrome is about 1 Sv (1000 mSv).

What are the symptoms of radiation Exposure

Radiation sickness can be acute, happening soon after exposure, or chronic, where symptoms appear over time or

after some time, possibly years later.

The signs and symptoms of acute radiation poisoning are:

vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea
loss of appetite
malaise, or feeling unwell
headache
rapid heartbeat
Symptoms depend on the dose, and whether it is a single dose or repeated.

A dose of as low as 30 rads can lead to:

loss of white blood cells
nausea and vomiting
headaches
A dose of 300 rads dose may result in:

temporary hair loss
damage to nerve cells
damage to the cells that line the digestive tract
Stages of radiations sickness
Symptoms of severe radiations poisoning will normally go through four stages.

Prodomal stage: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, lasting from a few minutes to several days

Latent stage: Symptoms seem to disappear, and the person appears to recover

Overt stage: Depending on the type of exposure, this can involve problems with the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, and central nervous system (CNS)

Source of Radiations

The many activities that can expose people to sources of radiations include:

watching television
flying in an airplane
passing through a security scanner
using a microwave or cell phone
Smokers have a higher exposure than non-smokers, as tobacco contains a substance that can decay to become polonium 210.

Astronauts have the highest exposure of anyone. They may be expose to 25 rads in one Space Shuttle mission.

Preventive Measures against Radiation Exposure

WHO has established a radiation program to protect patients, workers, and the public against the health risks of radiation exposure under planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations. Focusing on public health aspects of radiation protection, this program covers activities related to radiations risk assessment, management and communication.

Damage by radiations is irreversible. When a cell damages, it does not repair itself. Until now, there is no way for medicine to do this, so it is important for someone who is expose to seek medical help as soon as possible. Possible treatments include:
Removing all clothing and Rinsing with water and soap.
Use of potassium iodide (KI) to block thyroid uptake if a person inhales or swallows too much radioiodine


Exposure to radiations can also be treated with Prussian blue, given in capsules, can trap cesium and thallium in the intestines and prevent them from being absorbed. This allows them to move through the digestive system and leave the body in bowel movements.


Another method of treatment is with Filgrastim, or Neupogen stimulates the growth of white blood cells. This can help if radiation has affected the bone marrow.
Depending on exposure, radiations can affect the whole body. For cardiovascular, intestinal, and other problems, treatment will target the symptoms.

The Effects of 5G Network

The introduction of the fifth-generation network 5G, the all-powerful cellular technology for the next generation smartphones, is impending. What is the effects of 5G network? But the conspiracy theory about the new 5G cellular technology that its radiations are capable of destroying the immune system, cause oxidative damage that can cause premature aging, disrupt cell metabolism, and potentially lead to other diseases through the generation of stress proteins. Some articles cite research studies and opinions by reputable organizations like the World Health Organization. the question is; What health risk link to the new 5G network?

What is 5G Networks

The fifth generation of cellular technology “5G” is a wireless communications technology supporting cellular data networks used for communications devices (mostly mobile phones). In 2019 many countries launched 5G network and started commercial operation. 5G mints to deliver data rates that are 10 to 100 times faster than current 4G networks. And network latency will drop from 30ms to about 1ms, ideal for video game streaming, online video. Users should expect to see download speeds on the order of gigabits per second (Gb/s). Much greater than the tens of megabits per second (Mb/s).

5G logo
5G network is the fastest cellular network technology

How Dangerious is 5G Network?

Concerns about what is the effects of 5G network are the latest iteration of decades of headlines about the dangers of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation radiate from electrically charged particles. These particles travel in vacuum as well as through air and other substances. Electromagnetic radiation causes changes in physiological indices, genetic effects, and immune function. However, these effects of radiation cause no harm to your immune system. As Dr Clarke (associate professor in cellular microbiology at the University of Reading.). Says on BBC World News.

she quotes “Your immune system can be dipped by all sorts of things – by being tired one day, or not having a good diet. Those fluctuations aren’t huge but can make you more susceptible to catching viruses. ” While very strong radio waves can cause heating. 5G is nowhere near strong enough to heat people up enough to have any meaningful effect. “Radio waves can disrupt your physiology as they heat you up, meaning your immune system can’t function. But [the energy levels from] 5G radio waves are tiny and they are nowhere near strong enough to affect the immune system. There have been lots of studies on this.”

This is a piece of clear evidence that the conspiracy theory that 5G network cause all sorts of diseases have no proof. Some articles on social media also rumor that corona virus is caused by 5G network.

Can 5G Network Kill you?

The answer is no!. 5G network is simply a new generation of mobile internet. The claimed radiation from 5G Network is no different from the previous 4G and 3G Networks.
Phone networks use microwaves of a very specific frequency to deliver the internet to your iPhone or Android mobile. In the UK, 4G signals generally sit between 800MHz and 2.6GHz on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Though 5G is a little higher at 3.4GHz to 3.6GHz. But that’s very small compared microwaves which goes up to 300GHz. And visible light comes in at a range of around 430THz to 770THz. That’s more than a thousand times higher than the maximum microwave – and 100,000 higher than 5G Network. 5G is low-frequency radiation, far below infrared and visible light. In fact, it’s essential that 5G is low-frequency because higher frequencies are less useful at delivering mobile signals over large areas.
This level of radiation is safe otherwise, the visible light from our televisions would have killed us a long time ago. Even very powerful low-frequency radiation won’t cause any health issue. For instance, microwaves are used in ovens to provide a heating effect. But phone signals are far less powerful. From all indications, any rumor that 5G network has any health risks are all lies.

Nigerians Reaction To 5G Network

corona virus and 5G Network

Based on the conspiracy theory and misinformation between Nigerians and 5G network, as regards the possible hazardous health effects that the 5G network might have on individuals, Nigeria’s tech journalists have their best to clarify and educate Nigerians on 5G and its effect on health. The Nigeria Information Technology Association (NITRA) has set out a few facts and knowledgeable notes that should enlighten Nigerians on the 5G issue.

In a statement the association made, the chairman, Mr. Chike Onwuegbuch quotes:

“5G technologies are expected to support applications such as smart homes and buildings, smart cities, 3D video, work and play in the cloud, remote medical services, virtual and augmented reality and massive machine-to-machine communications for industrial automation. 3G and 4G networks currently face challenges in supporting these services,” The Chairman explained.

The Chairman also stated that despite the alleged conspiracy theory that the 5G is somehow responsible for the COVID-19 virus, it is utterly impossible that that theory is legitimate because there is currently no 5G spectrum in the nation for the network to operate on so it is therefore impossible for the network to function in the country. Still following the allegations that 5G network is somehow responsible for the virus,

The World Health Organization documented that “after much research performed, no adverse health effect has been causally linked with exposure to wireless technologies.” COVID-19 is in fact a respiratory disease. Mr. Chike also went further to say that Nigerians should only source for information from reputable sources such as International Telecommunications Union (ITU); the World Health Organisation (WHO), the nation’s telecommunication regulatory body, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), and the supervisory Ministries, the Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy and the Ministry of Health.

Which Country supports 5G Network?

5G Network is the fastest network now. Many countries have adopted the swift life of 5G, and have been judiciously applied in different sectors like; Automobiles, Fixed wireless, Wireless video transmission for broadcast applications.
The following country have adopted 5G Network;
China
Japan
Thailand
United State
United Kingdom
India
Hong Kong
Ireland…etc. check more
many countries around the world have tested and successfully launched their 5G network.

WHAT DO U THINK ABOUT 5G NETWORK?

SWITCHING TO 5G SOON?

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